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python視頻教程欄目介紹如何爬取視頻

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本篇文章主要給大家講解下如實(shí)使用python 爬取嗶哩嗶哩中的視頻，首先我是一名大數(shù)據(jù)開發(fā)工程師，爬蟲只是我的一個(gè)業(yè)余愛好，喜歡爬蟲的小伙伴可以一起交流。好了多了就不多說了喜歡的朋有可以收藏，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)請復(fù)原文鏈接謝謝
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一、環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

我這里使用的是環(huán)境如下僅供參考：
開發(fā)工具： pycharm
python環(huán)境：python-3.8.0
依賴的包： shutil，os，re，json，choice，requests，lxmlBuY少兒編程網(wǎng)-Scratch_Python_教程_免費(fèi)兒童編程學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)

二、頁面分析

我在這里就拿前段時(shí)間非常火的馬老師的視頻來舉例子吧。
視頻鏈接： https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ef4y1i78b?from=search&seid=12072538764197074893BuY少兒編程網(wǎng)-Scratch_Python_教程_免費(fèi)兒童編程學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)

視頻鏈接解析 我們這里只需要 BV1Ef4y1i78b 也就是 video后面？ 號前面第二部分抓包，嗶哩嗶哩這里的視頻被分成多個(gè)小段了經(jīng)過看源碼分析后我們可以解析</script><script>中的內(nèi)容返回一個(gè)json串解析獲取我們想要的數(shù)據(jù)即可。. 分析返回json中的具體內(nèi)容

返回給我們的們?nèi)缦?真正對我們有用的信息在data中

在data 下面我們就可以清晰的看到我們想要的內(nèi)容了，如視頻的畫質(zhì)，以及視頻的地址等，注意：如果你拿到地址直接進(jìn)行訪問的話是訪問不到了，嗶哩嗶哩中添加了Referer如果你直接在瀏覽器訪問是沒有Referer的是找不到頁面的。
我們需要解析的內(nèi)容如下：BuY少兒編程網(wǎng)-Scratch_Python_教程_免費(fèi)兒童編程學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)

視頻的時(shí)長視頻的質(zhì)量視頻的URL音頻的URL音頻和視頻合并
三、代碼實(shí)操3.1 準(zhǔn)備工作

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import jsonimport osimport reimport shutilimport sslimport timeimport requestsfrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutorfrom random import choicefrom lxml import etree

添加請求頭和隨機(jī)用戶代理BuY少兒編程網(wǎng)-Scratch_Python_教程_免費(fèi)兒童編程學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)

#設(shè)置請求頭等參數(shù)，防止被反爬headers = { 'Accept': '*/*', 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.116 Safari/537.36'}def get_user_agent(): '''獲取隨機(jī)用戶代理''' user_agents = [ "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20", "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10", "MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 9_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/601.1.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.0 Mobile/13B143 Safari/601.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; Nexus 6 Build/LYZ28E) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.23 Mobile Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 2_1 like Mac OS X; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/525.18.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.1.1 Mobile/5F137 Safari/525.20", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux;u;Android 4.2.2;zh-cn;) AppleWebKit/534.46 (KHTML,like Gecko) Version/5.1 Mobile Safari/10600.6.3 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html）" ] # 在user_agent列表中隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)代理，作為模擬的瀏覽器 user_agent = choice(user_agents) return user_agent 3.2 編寫下載代碼def single_download(aid, acc_quality): '''單個(gè)視頻實(shí)現(xiàn)下載''' # 請求視頻鏈接，獲取信息 origin_video_url = 'https://www.bilibili.com/video/' + aid res = requests.get(origin_video_url, headers=headers) html = etree.HTML(res.text) title = html.xpath('//*[@id="viewbox_report"]/h1/span/text()')[0] print('您當(dāng)前正在下載：', title) video_info_temp = re_video_info(res.text, '__playinfo__=(.*?)</script><script>') video_info = {} # 獲取視頻質(zhì)量 quality = video_info_temp['data']['accept_description'][acc_quality] # 獲取視頻時(shí)長 video_info['duration'] = video_info_temp['data']['dash']['duration'] # 獲取視頻鏈接 video_url = video_info_temp['data']['dash']['video'][acc_quality]['baseUrl'] # 獲取音頻鏈接 audio_url = video_info_temp['data']['dash']['audio'][acc_quality]['baseUrl'] # 計(jì)算視頻時(shí)長 video_time = int(video_info.get('duration', 0)) video_minute = video_time // 60 video_second = video_time % 60 print('當(dāng)前視頻清晰度為{}，時(shí)長{}分{}秒'.format(quality, video_minute, video_second)) # 調(diào)用函數(shù)下載保存視頻 download_video_single(origin_video_url, video_url, audio_url, title)3.3 編寫下載代碼def download_video_single(referer_url, video_url, audio_url, video_name): '''單個(gè)視頻下載''' # 更新請求頭 headers.update({"Referer": referer_url}) print("視頻下載開始：%s" % video_name) # 下載并保存視頻 video_content = requests.get(video_url, headers=headers) print('%s 視頻大小：' % video_name, round(int(video_content.headers.get('content-length', 0)) / 1024 / 1024, 2), ' MB') received_video = 0 with open('%s_video.mp4' % video_name, 'ab') as output: headers['Range'] = 'bytes=' + str(received_video) + '-' response = requests.get(video_url, headers=headers) output.write(response.content) # 下載并保存音頻 audio_content = requests.get(audio_url, headers=headers) print('%s 音頻大小：' % video_name, round(int(audio_content.headers.get('content-length', 0)) / 1024 / 1024, 2), ' MB') received_audio = 0 with open('%s_audio.mp4' % video_name, 'ab') as output: headers['Range'] = 'bytes=' + str(received_audio) + '-' response = requests.get(audio_url, headers=headers) output.write(response.content) received_audio += len(response.content) print("視頻下載結(jié)束：%s" % video_name) video_audio_merge_single(video_name)3.4 將下載好的音頻和視頻合并def video_audio_merge_single(video_name): '''使用ffmpeg單個(gè)視頻音頻合并''' print("視頻合成開始：%s" % video_name) import subprocess command = 'ffmpeg -i %s_video.mp4 -i %s_audio.mp4 -c copy %s.mp4 -y -loglevel quiet' % ( video_name, video_name, video_name) subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True) print("視頻合成結(jié)束：%s" % video_name)3.4 運(yùn)行測試

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4.總結(jié)

好了到這里我們就成功爬取出嗶哩嗶哩中的視頻了，如果小伙感覺那里有不懂的地方或者有疑惑的地方可以后臺(tái)留言，我這邊為你解答。BuY少兒編程網(wǎng)-Scratch_Python_教程_免費(fèi)兒童編程學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)

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